PRACA ORYGINALNA
Development and Tribological Characterization of Semi-Metallic Brake pads for Automotive Applications
1
Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
Data nadesłania: 04-10-2023
Data ostatniej rewizji: 15-12-2023
Data akceptacji: 19-12-2023
Data publikacji: 28-12-2023
Autor do korespondencji
Vaira Vignesh Ramalingam
Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Engineering, 641112, Coimbatore, India
Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Engineering, 641112, Coimbatore, India
The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 2023;102(4):5-25
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Semi-metallic brake pads are quite a good choice for performance-driven automotive industries, because of improved braking performance in a more comprehensive range of temperatures. In this study, a semi-metallic brake pad is fabricated through a powder metallurgy processing technique with two compositions of powders with a different weight ratio of Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), flash, Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), Barium sulfate (BaSO4), Phenolic resin, Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Graphite for automotive application. A well-distributed composition was indicated by the microstructure, which exhibited a uniform dispersion of hard particles throughout the matrix. BP-20Cu-20Fe specimen exhibited a high hardness value of 171Hv. Under higher loads of 70 N, the specimen BP-20Cu-20Fe showed excellent wear resistance, with a low wear rate of 1.072×10-6 g/Nm. On the other hand, specimen BP-20Cu-20Fe showed a notable 35% increase in friction coefficient when the load was increased from 30 N to 70 N.The surface morphology, elemental distribution, and worn surface features and characteristics are examined using advanced instrumental techniques.
REFERENCJE (29)
1.
Akramifard H.R., Ghasemi Z.: Friction and Wear Properties of a New Semi-Metallic Brake Pad According to SAE J 661: A Case Study in PARSLENT Complex (Iran). International Journal of New Technology and Research. 2016, 2(3), 263573.
2.
Almaslow A., Ghazali M., Talib R., Ratnam C., Azhari C.: Effects of epoxidized natural rubber–alumina nanoparticles (ENRAN) composites in semi-metallic brake friction materials. Wear. 2013, 302(1–2), 1392–1396, DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.033.
3.
Balaji M.S., Kani K.: Thermal and fade aspects of a non asbestos semi metallic disc brake pad formulation with two different resins. Advanced materials research. 2013, 622, 1559–1563, DOI: 10.4028/ www.scientific.net/AMR.622-623.1559.
4.
Gudmand-Høyer L., Bach A., Nielsen G.T., Morgen P.: Tribological properties of automotive disc brakes with solid lubricants. Wear. 1999, 232(2), 168–175, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00142-8.
5.
Gultekin D., Uysal M., Aslan S., Alaf M., Gule, M., Akbulut H.: The effects of applied load on the coefficient of friction in Cu-MMC brake pad/Al-SiCp MMC brake disc system. Wear. 2010, 270(1–2), 73–82, DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.09.001.
6.
Handa Y., Kato T.: Effects of Cu powder, BaSO4 and cashew dust on the wear and friction characteristics of automotive brake pads. Tribology Transactions. 1996, 39(2), 346–353, DOI: 10.1080/10402009608983537.
7.
Hu B.: Roles of iron metal powders in semi-metallic friction materials. Seventh International Technical Exchange and Products Exhibition on Friction Materials. Wuhan, China, June 16-18 2005.
8.
Hussain S., Abdul Hamid M., Mat Lazim A., Abu Bakar A.: Brake wear particle size and shape analysis of non-asbestos organic (NAO) and semi metallic brake pad. Jurnal Teknologi, 2014, 71(2), DOI: 10.11113/jt.v71.3731.
9.
Jaafar T.R., Selamat M.S., Kasiran R.: Selection of best formulation for semi-metallic brake friction materials development. Powder metallurgy. 2012, 1–30, DOI: 10.5772/33909.
10.
Kachhap R.K., Satapathy B.K.: Synergistic effect of tungsten disulfide and cenosphere combination on braking performance of composite friction materials. Materials & Design (1980-2015). 2014, 56, 368–378, DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.006.
11.
Kchaou M., Sellami A., Elleuch R., Singh H.: Friction characteristics of a brake friction material under different braking conditions. Materials & Design (1980-2015). 2013, 52, 533–540, DOI: 10.1016/j. matdes.2013.05.015.
12.
Keshav M.G., Hemchandran C., Dharsan B., Pradhin K., Vignesh R.V., Govindaraju M.: Manufacturing of continuous fiber reinforced sintered brake pad and friction material. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021, 46, 4493–4496, DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.686.
13.
Kukutschová J., Roubíček V., Mašláň M., Jančík D., Slovák V., Malachová, K., et al.: Wear performance and wear debris of semimetallic automotive brake materials. Wear. 2010, 268(1–2), 86–93, DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2009.06.039.
14.
Kumar M., Bijwe J.: NAO friction materials with various metal powders: Tribological evaluation on full-scale inertia dynamometer. Wear. 2010, 269(11–12), 826–837, DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.08.011.
15.
Kumar S., Ghosh S.K.: Porosity and tribological performance analysis on new developed metal matrix composite for brake pad materials. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2020, 59, 186–204, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.09.053.
16.
Matějka V., Lu Y., Fan Y., Kratošová G., Lešková J.: Effects of silicon carbide in semi-metallic brake materials on friction performance and friction layer formation. Wear,2008, 265(7–8), 1121–1128, DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2008.03.006.
17.
Matějka V., Perricone G., Vlček J., Olofsson U., Wahlström J.: Airborne wear particle emissions produced during the dyno bench tests with a slag containing semi-metallic brake pads. Atmosphere. 2020, 11(11), 1220, DOI: 10.3390/atmos11111220.
18.
Mohanty S., Chugh Y.: Development of fly ash-based automotive brake lining. Tribology International. 2007, 40(7), 1217–1224, DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2007.01.005.
19.
Österle W., Griepentrog M., Gross T., Urban I.: Chemical and microstructural changes induced by friction and wear of brakes. Wear. 2001, 250–251(Part 2), 1469–1476, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00785-2.
20.
Österle W., Urban I.: Friction layers and friction films on PMC brake pads. Wear. 2004, 257(1–2), 215–226, DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2003.12.017.
21.
Parikh H.H., Gohil P.P.: Tribology of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites—A review. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 2015, 34(16), 1340–1346, DOI: 10.1177/0731684415591199.
22.
Pinca-Bretotean C., Josan A., Birtok-Băneasă C.: Laboratory testing of brake pads made of organic materials intended for small and medium vehicles. IOP conference series: materials science and engineering. 2018, DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/393/1/012029.
23.
Rajan R., Tyagi Y., Das A., Kumar P., Patel S.K.: Development and analysis of friction characteristics of coir fiber added organic brake pad composite. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022, 62, 6077–6082, DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.1011.
24.
Rhee S.: Brake wear. MFPG, Product Durability and Life. Proceedings of the 27th Meeting of the Mechanical Failures Prevention Group, Held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1977, 1–3.
25.
Tang C.-F., Lu Y.: Combinatorial screening of ingredients for steel wool based semimetallic and aramid pulp based nonasbestos organic brake materials. Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 2004, 23(1), 51–63, DOI: 10.1177/0731684044028701.
26.
Tokala V.N.B., Kanneganti C.A., Kesana N.: Comparative Study on Dynamometer Performance Evaluation of Fly Ash Containing Organic and Semi-Metallic Motorcycle Disc Brake Pads. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development. 2018, 8(3), 227–234, DOI: 10.24247/ijmperdjun201826.
27.
Xiao Y., Cheng Y., Shen M., Yao P., Du J., Ji D., et al.: Friction and wear behavior of copper metal matrix composites at temperatures up to 800 C. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2022, 19, 2050–2062, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.05.192.
28.
Xiao Y., Zhang Z., Yao P., Fan K., Zhou H., Gong T., et al.: Mechanical and tribological behaviors of copper metal matrix composites for brake pads used in high-speed trains. Tribology International. 2018, 119, 585–592, DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2017.11.038.
29.
Yu J., He J., Ya C.: Preparation of phenolic resin/organized expanded vermiculite nanocomposite and its application in brake pad. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2011, 119(1), 275–281, DOI: 10.1002/ app.32557.
Korzystamy z plików cookie (oraz innych podobnych technologii) i przetwarzamy unikalne identyfikatory oraz dane przeglądarki – w celu umożliwienia funkcjonowania naszej strony internetowej. Więcej informacji o tym jak przetwarzamy Twoje dane osobowe znajdziesz w
